Sorry, Pilgrim and Tom, but I think Robin is correct as far as his illustration is concerned.

Pilgrim, it seems to me that you are saying that we deduce that Spot is a normal dog, because he has four legs. In effect, you are saying that the facts are that all dogs have four legs, and that Spot has four legs. Therefore we deduce that Spot is a normal dog. That would indeed be a deduction, rather than a fact, because although Spot has four legs, he may be other than normal in many other ways.

But in fact, what Robin said (Robin, please correct me if I err) is that Spot is a normal dog; it is a given fact. The other given fact is that all normal dogs have four legs. Therefore, and this is not deduction but fact, Spot has four legs. If he did not have four legs, he could not be a normal dog, making the given fact to be false.

In mathematical terms, given:
a = 1
and
b = a,
then
b = 1.

That is not a deduction, but a law of mathematics.

That's all I wanted to say about the illustration. Sorry to address so small a matter, but I am greatly pressed for time, trying to get my four computers upgraded to Windows 10 before the free upgrade expires on Friday.

Meta4

There is no such thing as preaching Christ and Him crucified, unless we preach what nowadays is called Calvinism. It is a nickname to call it Calvinism; Calvinism is the gospel, and nothing else. - C.H. Spurgeon